Beste Konservative Behandlung bei habitueller Luxation der Schulter Orthopäden - TOP-32 Ärzte

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Aydogan ist ein erfahrener orthopädischer Chirurg, der sich auf Wirbelsäulendeformitäten bei Erwachsenen und Kindern, fortgeschrittene Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Non-Fusion-Skoliose-Behandlung und andere verwandte Verfahren spezialisiert hat. Er hat 60 nationale und internationale wissenschaftliche Arbeiten veröffentlicht und ist Mitglied der North America Spine Society, der Skoliosis Research Society und der European Spine Society. Er spricht Englisch, macht Konsultationen mit internationalen Patienten angenehm und hat Erfahrung in der Türkei, Kalifornien, den USA und anderen Ländern.

Prof. Dr. Gürsel Saka ist ein Facharzt für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, der eine medizinische Ausbildung an der Technischen Universität Karadeniz und eine Spezialausbildung an der Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Trainings- und Forschungskrankenhaus, abgeschlossen hat. Er hat erfolgreich Operationen in den Bereichen Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Unfallchirurgie, Endoprothetik und Becken-Acetabulum-Chirurgie durchgeführt. Derzeit betreut er Patienten in der interkontinentalen Abteilung für Orthopädie und Traumatologie des Hisar-Krankenhauses.

Dr. Selman Dogan ist ein hoch angesehener orthopädischer Chirurg, der sich auf Hüft- und Schulterersatz, Sporttraumatologie, Unfallchirurgie der unteren und oberen Extremitäten, Wirbelsäulenchirurgie sowie Bänder- und Sehnenverletzungen des Knies spezialisiert hat. Er hat einen Bachelor-Abschluss von der Cerrahpasa-Fakultät für Medizin der Universität Istanbul und absolvierte Aufenthalte im Istanbul Umraniye Training and Research Hospital und im Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital.

• 2017;Near East University Hospital
• 2015 - 2017; Militärkrankenhaus Aksaz
• 2010 - 2015; GATA Haydarpaşa Ausbildungskrankenhaus Ankara
• 2001 - 2007; GATA Medizinische Fakultät Ankara

Medizinische Fakultät Hacettepe School of Medicine (1994-2001)

Facharztausbildung: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital (2002-2008)

Im Jahr 2015 wurde ihm der Titel eines Associate Professors verliehen.

Zum 01. Februar 2021 wurde er zum Professor befördert.

Berufliche Positionen:

• Berater MD, Militärkrankenhaus Balıkesir (2008-2009)

• Oberarzt, Ausbildungs- und Forschungskrankenhaus Şanlıurfa (2009-2011)

• Assistenzprofessor MD, Dicle-Universität, Abteilung für Orthopädie und Traumatologie (2011-2017)

• Außerordentlicher Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Medizinische Fakultät, Abteilung für Orthopädie und Traumatologie (2017-2020)

• Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Medizinische Fakultät, Abteilung für Orthopädie und Traumatologie (2021 – laufend)

EDUCATION

Balgrist University, Zurich

• Shoulder and Elbow Observership, Feb 8th - March 23rd, 2023

Bezmialem Vakif University

• Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Fellowship Program, March 1st - July 2nd, 2021

Istanbul Sisli Etfal Research and Training Hospital

• Residency, Orthopaedic Surgery, 2011-2016

Hospital for Special Surgery, USA

• Observership, May 2nd - June 30th, 2016

Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine

• Medical School, 2003–2009

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital

• Residency, Orthopaedic Surgery, 2011-2016

Kilis State Hospital

• Orthopaedics Surgeon, 2017-2019

Yedikule Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital

• Orthopaedics Surgeon, 2019-2020

Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital

• Orthopaedics Surgeon, 2020-2024

Medipol Acıbadem Hospital

• Orthopaedics Surgeon, 2024-present

Over 60 articles published in International and National Peer Reviewed Scientific Journals

Over 50 papers-posters presented in International and National Meetings-Congresses

Articles published in international peer reviewed journals (SCI & SCI exp.):

1. Aydin A,Wollstein G, Price LL, Fujimoto JG, Schuman JS. Optical coherence tomography assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes after glaucoma surgery. Ophthalmology. 2003:110(8);1506-1511.
2. Aydin A, Wollstein G, Price LL, Schuman JS. Evaluating pulsatile ocular blood flow analysis in normal and treated glaucomatous eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136(3):448-453.
3. Schuman JS, Wollstein G, Farra T, Hertzmark E, Aydin A,Fujimoto JG, Paunescu LA. Comparison of optic nerve head measurements obtained by optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Am J Ophthalmol  2003:135;504-512.
4. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, Aydin  A,Beaton BA, Stark PC, Fujimoto JG, Ishikawa H. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements and automated visual fields.  Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(2):218-225.
5. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, Aydin A,Stark PC, Hertzmark E, Lai E, Ishikawa H, Mattox C, Fujimoto JG, Paunescu LA. Optical coherence tomography longitudinal evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:464-470.
6. Ersanli D, Unal M, Aydin A,Gulecek O, Kalemoglu M. Results of pars plana vitrectomy in closed-globe injuries. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2005;36:182-186 .
7. Aydin A,Akin T, Bilge AH. Management of persistent glaucoma secondary to depot methylprednisolone. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2007;38:399-401.
8. Ersanli D, Top C, Oncul O, Aydin A,Terekeci H. Relationship between serum soluble E-selectin levels and development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2007 ;67 :474-479.
9. Akin T, Aykan U, Karadayı K, Aydin A, Yildiz TF, Bilge AH. Capsulorhexis in white cataract using a green-light endoillumination probe. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007 ;38 :520-522.
10. Unal M, Aydin A,Sonmez M, Ayata A, Ersanli D. Validation of the ocular trauma score for intraocular foreign bodies in deadly weapon-related open-globe injuries. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008 ;39:121-124.
11. Aydin A,Karadayi K, Aykan U, Can G, Colakoglu K, Bilge AH. [Effectiveness of topical ciclosporin A treatment after excision of primary pterygium and limbal conjunctival autograft.]  J Fr Ophtalmol 2008;31 :699-704.
12. Dogru S, Gungor A, Kucukodaci Z, Aydin A,Senol MG, Karabudak O, Cincik H, Gunes M, Salihoglu M. Lipoid proteinosis-report of three cases and brief review of the literature. The American Journal of Case Report, 2008;9:346-350.
13. Aydin A,Ayata A, Sabahyildizi M, Ersanli D. [Poland-Möbius syndrome associated with lacrimal punctal and canalicular agenesis.] J Fr Ophtalmol 2010;33:119.e1-e5.
14. Aydin A,Velioglu M, Ersanli D. [Orbital varix presenting with enophthalmos. A case report ]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2010;33: 344.e1-344.e5.
15. Aydin A, Cakir A, Ersanli D. Isolated extraocular muscle involvement as the ophthalmic manifestation of leukemia- another explanation. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2010;38(6):651.
16. Aydin A,Cakir A, Sayan O, Haholu A, Velioglu M, Ersanli D. Intraocular pressure elevation in isolated extraocular muscle infiltration by leukaemia. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2011 Apr;39(3):283-5.
17. Aydin A, Aksoy Y, Unal MH, Ersanli D. [Necrotizing scleritis after pterygium surgery using mitomycyn C.] J Fr Ophtalmol 2012;Jan;35(1):74-75.
18. Aydin A,Sabahyildizi M, Bilge AH. [Management of extruded haptic of an anterior chamber lens.] J Fr Ophtalmol 2012 Apr;35(4):315.
19. Aydin A,Cakir A, Unal MH, Ersanli D. Central serous retinal detachment following glaucoma filtration surgery. J Fr Ophtalmol 2012;35:529.e1-529.e5.
20. Aydin A, Sabahyildizi, Kocak I. Auto-refractometer may assist in discovering asymptomatic iridociliary cysts. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014;37(5);e.71-e.72.
21. 21. Kocak I, Aydin A, Kaya F, Koc H.Comparison of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking with epithelium-off crosslinking in progressive keratoconus J Fr Ophtalmol 2014;37(5): 371-376
22. Kocak I, Kocak F, Teker B, Aydin A, Kaya F, Baybora H. Evaluation of bacterial contamination rate of the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification surgery using an automated microbial detection system. Int J Ophthalmol 2014;7(4):686-688
23. Cakir A, Duzgun E, Demir S, Aydin A. Jerky see-saw nystagmus with internuclear ophthalmoplegia as the presenting finding in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014;37(10):e157-159.
24. A4. Kocak I, Aydin A, Sahbaz I, Kaya F, Baybora H. The management of corneal melt occurring after collagen cross-linking for keratoconus. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015;38(1):e11-13.
25. Aydin A,Kocak I, Aykan U, Can G, Sabahyildizi M, Ersanli D. The influence of the learning effect on automated perimetry in Turkish people. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015;38(7):628-632.
26. Kaya F, Kocak I, Aydin A, Baybora H, Karabela Y. Comparison of different formulas for intraocular lens power calculation using a new optical biometer. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015; Jul 20. pii: S0181-5512(15)00223-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.03.006.
27. Kocak I, Aydin A, Kaya F, Baybora H, Bozkurt S.Efficacy of radial keratotomy in the optical rehabilitation of mild to moderate keratoconus cases. Int Eye Scı 2015;15:572-576
28. Porter LF, Galli GG, Williamson S, Selley J, Knight D, Elcioglu N, Aydin A, Elcioglu M, Venselaar H, Lund AH, Bonshek R, Black GC, Manson FD.  A role for repressive complexes and H3K9 di-methylation in PRDM5-associated brittle cornea syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015;24(23):6565-6579.
29. Kaya F, Kocak I, Aydin A, Baybora H, Koc H, Karabela Y. Effect of aflibercept on persistent macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2018 Nov;41(9):809-813.
30. Balci O, Tanriverdi C, Aydin A, Ozsutcu M, Gulkilik G, Kocabora MS. Evaluation of changes in retinal and choroidal thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in unilateral non granulomatous acute anterior uveitis. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2019 Feb;42(2):138-145.
31. Cakir A, Erden B, Bolukbasi S, Aydin A, Yurttaser Ocak S, Maden G, Elcioglu MN. Comparison of the effect of ranibizumab and dexamethasone implant in diabetic macular edema with concurrent epiretinal membrane. J Fr Ophtalmol.2019 Sep;42(7):683-689.

Papers presented at international scientific meetings and published in the proceedings book:

1. Schuman JS, Wollstein G, Paunescu AL, Ishikawa H, Aydin A, Hertzmark E, Fujimoto JG, Mattox C. Optical Coherence Tomography longitudinal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness assessment. Presented at the International Congress of Eye Research (ISER), Geneva, Switzerland, Oct. 2002.
2. Aydin A, Wollstein G, Price LL, Schuman JS. Optical coherence tomography assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes after glaucoma surgery.  Poster presentation at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) annual meeting, Orlando, FL, USA, Oct. 2002.
3. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, Aydin A, Hertzmark E, Ishikawa H, Mattox C, Fujimoto JG, Paunescu AL. Evaluating longitudinal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes with Optical Coherence Tomography. Presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) annual meeting, Orlando, USA, Oct. 2002.
4. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Hertzmark E, Aydin A. Optical Coherence Tomography findings predicting future visual field progression.  Presented at the American Glaucoma Society (AGS) annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, March 2003.
5. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, Aydin A, Hertzmark E, Ishikawa H, Mattox C, Paunescu AL, Fujimoto JG. Longitudinal Optical Coherence Tomography evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma patients. Presented at the 4thInternational Glaucoma Symposium (IGS), March 2003, Barcelona, Spain.
6. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, Aydin A, Paunescu LA, Stark PC, Fujimoto JG, Ishikawa H. Relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular and peripapillary measurements and automated visual fields. Submitted for presentation at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) annual meeting, May 7, 2003.
7. Aydin A, Karadayi K, Can G, Colakoglu K, Bilge AH. Efficacité du traitement topique de ciclosporine A après l’excision du ptérygion primaire et l’autogreffe conjonctivo-limbique. Communication Orale, 114eCongrès de la Société Française d’Ophtalmologie (SFO 2008) ,Du 10 mai au 14 mai 2008 Palais des Congrès,JFO Résumés page :1s38 Paris, France.
8. Aydin A, Aykan U, Sabahyildizi M, Ersanli D. The influence of the learning effect on automated perimetry in Turkish people. World Glaucoma Congress 2009, 8-11 July 2009, Boston, MA USA.
9. Tanyuksel M, Aydin A, Unal MH, Ersanli D, Ozyurt M, Koru O, Araz E, Kilbas ZG. Acanthamoeba keratitis in a pregnant contact lens wearer in Turkey. Poster presentation, 58thAnnual Meeting of ASTMH (American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) November  18-22, 2009, Washington, D.C., USA.
10. Salcan I, Akyan U, Colakoglu K, Aydin A, Ersanli D. The correlation of angle opening distance, angle recess area and trabecular-irisangle in the quantitative evaluation of the anterior chamber angle by ultrasound biomicroscopy. 9th European Glaucoma Society Congress 12-17 September 2010, Madrid Spain.
11. Aykan U, Sabahyildizi M, Salcan I, Aydin A, Ersanli D. The outcome of combined laser iridotomy and selective laser trabeculoplasty in a case with bilateral ocular hypertension secondary to pigment dispersion caused by extensive irido-ciliary cysts. 9th European Glaucoma Society Congress 12-17 September 2010, Madrid Spain.
12. Aydın A, Aykan U, Çakır A, Ersanlı D. “Ocular hypertension in isolated extraocular muscle infiltration by leukemia’’ 9th European Glaucoma Society Congress, 12-17 September 2010, Madrid Spain.

Turkish Books Section

Aydin A. Glokomda Yeni ilaçlar ve Modern İlaç Uygulama Yöntemleri. In: Glokom, Temel Kavramlar ve Yenilikler. Ocakoğlu Ö, Bayer A, Elgin U Eds. Anadolu Tıp Kitabevi, Ankara 2021 1st ed. Bölüm 36 p:375-381. ISBN:978-605-80205-3-5.

Awards:

• Ayata A, Aydın A, Duman C, Bilge AH. “Rapunzel” (fotoğraf sunumu) Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği 40. Ulusal Oftalmoloji Kongresi, 405, Antalya, 28 Ekim-01 Kasım 2006. Best medical photograph third award.
• Aydın A. “Akut myeloid lösemili bir hastada gelişen proptozis ve oküler hipertansiyon’’ TOD Glokom Birimi VI. Olgularla Glokom Sempozyumu, 29 Mayıs 2010, Antalya. Best presentation third award.
• Aydın A. ‘Travmatik glokomlu bir hastada trabekülektomi sonrası gelişen akut görme kaybı’’ TOD Glokom Birimi VII. Olgularla Glokom Sempozyumu, 28 Mayıs 2011, Girne. Best Presentation second award.
• Salcan İ, Aykan Ü, Çolakoğlu K, Aydın A, Erşanlı D. “ Sağlıklı, genç, erkek popülasyonda ultrason biyomikroskopi ile saptanan ön kamara açısına ait nicel değerler” 45. TOD Ulusal Kongresi 5-9 Ekim 2011, Girne. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi Best article award (second).
• Çolakoğlu K, Aydın A, Kar T, Ayata A, Aykan Ü, Ünal M, Haholu A, Erşanlı D.Trabekülektomi uygulanan tavşanlarda bevacizumab’ın konjonktival yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkisi. Glokom-Katarakt Dergisi 2014;9(3):167-172. Glokom -Katarakt Dergisi 2014 best research 1st award.

Total citations: 896 (as of May 2021)

he top 10 publications with the most citations

1. Optical Coherence Tomography Longitudinal Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Glaucoma
   May 2005 · Archives of Ophthalmology
   289 Citations
2. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements and automated visual fields
   Sep 2004 · American Journal of Ophthalmology
   186 Citations
3. Comparison of optic nerve head measurements obtained by optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
   May 2003 · American Journal of Ophthalmology
      153 Citations
4. Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes after Glaucoma Surgery
   Aug 2003 · Ophthalmology
   77 Citations
5. Comparison of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking with epithelium-off crosslinking in progressive keratoconus
   May 2014 · Journal francais d'ophtalmologie
   41 Citations
6. Validation of the Ocular Trauma Score for Intraocular Foreign Bodies in Deadly Weapon-Related Open-Globe Injuries
   Mar 2008 · Ophthalmic Surgery Lasers and Imaging
   29 Citations
7. Evaluating pulsatile ocular blood flow analysis in normal and treated glaucomatous eyes
   Oct 2003 · American Journal of Ophthalmology
   19 Citations
8. A role for repressive complexes and H3K9 di-methylation in PRDM5-associated brittle cornea syndrome. September 2015 Human Molecular Genetics
   11 Citations
9. [Effectiveness of topical ciclosporin A treatment after excision of primary pterygium and limbal conjunctival autograft] October 2008 Journal Francais d'ophtalmologie
   10  Citations
10. [Orbital varix presenting with enophthalmos. A case report].
    May 2010 · Journal francais d'ophtalmologie
    10 Citations

Der Handchirurgiedienst des Universitätskrankenhauses HM Montepríncipe wird von Dr. Pedro J. Delgado geleitet und von Dr. Fernando Polo und Dr. Belén García Medrano unterstützt, die beide über umfangreiche Erfahrung in der Handchirurgie verfügen.

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• Türkische Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Zweigstelle Handchirurgie

• Türkische Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Zweigstelle für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie

• Türkische Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Zweigstelle für Sportverletzungen

• Türkische Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Abteilung Kinderorthopädie

Assoz. Prof. Dr. Erkam KÖMÜRCÜ ist außerordentlicher Professor für Orthopädie und Traumatologie mit Erfahrung in Lehre und Verwaltungsaufgaben. Er hat ein Board-Zertifikat der türkischen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Traumatologie – Trainingsrat (TOTEK) – seit 2010 und einen Titel als außerordentlicher Professor seit April 2015. Dr. Kömürcü verfügt über umfangreiche Erfahrung in den Bereichen Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Hand- und obere Extremitätenverletzungen, Frakturen und Luxationen der unteren Extremität, radiologische Untersuchung bei muskuloskelettalen Tumoren, interventionelle Hüftdysplasie, gutartige und bösartige muskuloskelettale Tumoren, Wirbelfrakturen, Kreuzschmerzen und Beckenfrakturen.

Dr. Abdurrahim Gözen, born in 1982 in Gercüş, Batman, is a specialist in Orthopedics and Traumatology with a focus on pediatric orthopedics, trauma, arthroscopy, and arthroplasty. After graduating from Istanbul University Medical Faculty, he completed his residency at Yüzüncü Yıl University. With over six years of professional experience in both state and private hospitals, Dr. Gözen is an active member of associations like TOTBİD and TUSYAD. He has participated in numerous national and international conferences, consistently enhancing his expertise in orthopedic surgery and advancing patient care practices.

Born in 1957 in Kyiv. Ukrainian.

Since 1978, scientific and practical activity in the field of orthopedic pathology (pathophysiology of scoliosis and scoliotic deformations of the spine and chest, vertebrology). The first scientific publication on vertebrology in 1980.

1980 – graduation from the medical faculty of the Kyiv Medical Institute.

1981 to 1984 Anesthesiologist-resuscitator. Scientific and practical work in the field of treatment of pain syndromes and vegetology, use of stimulation of nerve trunks and reflexogenic zones, acupuncture, manual medicine, non-surgical treatment of scoliosis, physical rehabilitation.

Since 1984 and up to the present moment, he has been professionally engaged exclusively in practical and scientific problems of diseases of the spine and joints, vertebroneurology, neurology, traumatology-orthopedics, rheumatology.

1984 – employee of the laboratory of problems of osteochondrosis of the spinal column of the university research laboratory center* (Academician A.A. Bogomolets National Medical University). Scientific and practical activity in the field of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of pathology of the musculoskeletal system (spine, joints, muscles) and nervous system.

1990 - defense of a candidate's dissertation on neurological disorders in spinal pathology " Early segmental neurological manifestations of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine " (specialty - neurology)

1994 - defense of a doctoral dissertation on the mechanisms of formation of neurological pathology in spinal pathology (vertebroneurology) “ Mechanisms of formation of vertebral neurological pathology in the case of functional blockage of the spinal rox segments ” (2 specialties: neurology and traumatology-orthopedics)

Since 1995 – Professor of the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine of the National Medical University named after Academician A.A. Bogomolets.

1995 Founded the first clinic of Vertebroneurology in Ukraine, head of the department of vertebroneurology at the Central City Clinical Hospital of Kiev - the clinical base of the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine of the National Medical University.

2004 Established the diagnostic department of the Vertebroneurology Clinic.

2011 Established the Ukrainian Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine and Neurology based on the Meddiagnostika Center.

Sphere of scientific and practical interests

Science

More than 80 scientific papers , 12 inventions in the field of pathology of the musculoskeletal system and nervous system.

Key research:

• mechanisms of formation of vertebrogenic (caused by changes in the spine) pathology of the peripheral nervous system and internal organs,
  https://www.gongalsky.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/dokt-dissertatsiya.pdf
  https://www.gongalsky.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/kand-dissertatsiya.pdf
• Mechanisms of triggering disorders of the autonomic nervous system at segmental and central levels.
• Facet syndromes
• Vertebrogenic reflex disorders of spinal cord blood flow
• Vertebrogenic myofacial pain syndromes associated with paravertebral muscles
• Mechanisms of vertebrogenic pathology of internal organs, in particular – heart pathology. The so-called vertebrocardial syndrome
• functional disorders of intracranial circulation of venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid