Ausbildung und Fachwissen
1998 - 2005 - Medizinische Fakultät der Marmara-Universität
1998 - 2005 - Marmara-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Abteilung für Neurochirurgie, Istanbul
(Abteilungsleiter: Prof. Dr. Türker KILIÇ)
2011 - 2012 - Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA (Direktor: Murat Günel MD. PhD., Professor für Neurochirurgie) Cerebrovascular Research Fellowship
Berufliche Mitgliedschaften
2014 + Türkische Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie
2017 + Türkische Wirbelsäulenvereinigung
2018 + AOSpine
Auszeichnungen
31. Wissenschaftlicher Kongress der Türkischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie „Prof. Dr. Hamit Ziya Gökalp, erster Preis für die Förderung junger Neurochirurgen“, Antalya, 2017.
Kurse und Zertifikate
1. Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; 12. Nationaler Neurowissenschaftlicher Kongress, Bahçeşehir Universität, 28.-31. Mai 2014
2. Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; 11. ASNO „Kurs zur Schädelbasisanatomie“, 11.-14. September 2014, Istanbul
3. Dozent / Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; Neurochirurgie-Kursreihe – 4 / Prof. Dr. Evandro de Oliveira, Schädelbasis-Kurs 2, Prof. Rhoton Anatomy Lab BAU Medizinische Fakultät, Istanbul, 2015.
4. Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; Internationaler Kurs zur Tiefenhirnstimulationschirurgie und Mikroelektroden-Aufzeichnung an Leichen, Rhoton-Anatomielabor, Medizinische Fakultät der BAU, 6.-7. Februar 2015, Istanbul.
5. Organisationsbeauftragter; TND Istanbul Meetings, Istanbul, 2015-2016
Mehr lesenAusbildung und Fachwissen
1998 - 2005 - Medizinische Fakultät der Marmara-Universität
1998 - 2005 - Marmara-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Abteilung für Neurochirurgie, Istanbul
(Abteilungsleiter: Prof. Dr. Türker KILIÇ)
2011 - 2012 - Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA (Direktor: Murat Günel MD. PhD., Professor für Neurochirurgie) Cerebrovascular Research Fellowship
Berufliche Mitgliedschaften
2014 + Türkische Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie
2017 + Türkische Wirbelsäulenvereinigung
2018 + AOSpine
Auszeichnungen
31. Wissenschaftlicher Kongress der Türkischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie „Prof. Dr. Hamit Ziya Gökalp, erster Preis für die Förderung junger Neurochirurgen“, Antalya, 2017.
Kurse und Zertifikate
1. Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; 12. Nationaler Neurowissenschaftlicher Kongress, Bahçeşehir Universität, 28.-31. Mai 2014
2. Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; 11. ASNO „Kurs zur Schädelbasisanatomie“, 11.-14. September 2014, Istanbul
3. Dozent / Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; Neurochirurgie-Kursreihe – 4 / Prof. Dr. Evandro de Oliveira, Schädelbasis-Kurs 2, Prof. Rhoton Anatomy Lab BAU Medizinische Fakultät, Istanbul, 2015.
4. Mitglied des Organisationskomitees; Internationaler Kurs zur Tiefenhirnstimulationschirurgie und Mikroelektroden-Aufzeichnung an Leichen, Rhoton-Anatomielabor, Medizinische Fakultät der BAU, 6.-7. Februar 2015, Istanbul.
5. Organisationsbeauftragter; TND Istanbul Meetings, Istanbul, 2015-2016
Trustworthy, attentive, successful neurosurgeon with over 34 years of experience, high rate of success and exceptional surgical skills, providing quality neurological service for patients, successfully treating over thousands of patients suffering from many severe, complex conditions of the brain, spine and the nerves.
Experienced in performing treatment modalities like micro neurosurgery, endoscopic skull base surgery, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, minimally invasive spine surgery and percutaneous spine surgery. Keen on performing clinical research and attending national and international medical conferences to stay abreast of new technologies in the field. Compassionate and detail-oriented with excellent communication skills. Expertise in healthcare, education and program management. Adept at developing and implementing forward-thinking strategies to enhance patient outcomes and collective knowledge in the field. Desiring to bring skills and success. Focused on working closely with other medical professionals and following up with patients. Well-versed at emergency procedures and fast and accurate sanitation.
Work History
2020-01 – Current - Asst. Prof. Neurosurgeon
Istanbul Medipol University, Health Care Practice and Research Center Pendik Hospital
• He successfully treated and followed patients with cerebral hemorrhage, brain and spinal cord tumors, and patients with hydrocephalus.
• He performed transnasal pituitary surgeries with success.
• Also, many cervical lumbar and thoracic disc patients were successfully treated, and disc prosthesis were applied to some of them.
• He re-operated a degenerative spine patient who had been operated on before at another center and the patient regained his health.
• He also successfully treated patients with premature neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage.
2019-08 – 2020-01 - Neurosurgeon
Freelancer, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases and improve patients' motor functions. Performed successful operations for complex, advanced and complicated disease of the brain and spine some of which were operated unsuccessfully at other medical centers by different neurosurgeons.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Maintained admitting privileges at local hospitals and provided quality follow-up care.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Founded a spinal surgery group with orthopedic surgeons and treated very advanced and severe vertebra deformities, spine abnormalities, scoliosis.
2018-12 - 2019-08 - Neurosurgeon
Alkafeel Super Speciality Hospital, Karbala, Iraq
• Conducted up to 5 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate 100 percent : 90-95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery, spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas, Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery, pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery, spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery, microdiscectomy cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pediatric cranial and spine anomaly surgery). Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries.
• Examined 900 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatments to them when necessary.
2015-10 - 2018-11 - Neurosurgeon
Medistate Kavacık Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat different advanced, complex severe diseases and improve patients' motor functions.
• Conducted up to operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas.
• Performed successful operations (success rate percent : 95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain , spine and nerves in adults and children.(Brain tumor, arachnoid cyst, intracerebral hematoma, spinal stenosis, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral abscess).
• Examined 850 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary.
1994-03 - 2015-09 - Neurosurgeon
Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
• Supervised trainees, medical students, residents and fellows to help each achieve proficiency in field.
• Conducted up to 20 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate: %90) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Skull base surgery, extended trans base approach, orbit zygomatic approach, presigmoid approach, orbital approaches, transcranial and lateral orbitotomy, Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, CSF leakage surgery, endoscopic, microscopic and transsphenoidal, transcranial. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and surgery of multiloculated hydrocephalus and pediatric neurosurgery. Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery. Brain aneurysm, AVM and cavernoma surgery.
• Spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas. Hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia surgery (microsurgical decompression) Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery. Pineal area surgery. Pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery.
• Foreman magnum tumors surgery. Surgery of hydrocephaly, Syringomyelia and craniovertebral animalia).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (Epidural, subdural and intracerebral hematoma, vertebra fracture).
• Examined 500-700 patients per day in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary. Examined patients in the emergency service.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Led and oversaw 15 medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
• Led and oversaw medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
Education
1982-09 - 1988-08
M.D.: Medicine And (Pre-Medicine)
Ankara University Medical School - Ankara
General Medicine Training for 6 years. Graduated with a high GPA.
1988-11 - 1994-05
Specialist Neurosurgery: Neuroscience
University of Health Sciences - Ankara
6 years of neurosurgery training.
• My thesis was on brain abscess and their clinical and laboratory evaluations
1995-05 - 1995-07
Neuroscience
The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
Ankara
I attended the course for microsurgery at University of Hacettepe Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
1998-04 - 2019-05
Observer Doctor: Neuroscience
Department of Neurosurgery, MSU - Ann Arbour,
Michigan USA
2012-05 - 2012-05
Neuro endoscopy: Neuroscience
Ghent University - Ghent, Belgium
International endoscopic neurosurgery workshop,
Ghent, Belgium
I attended the workshop for endoscopic skull base operations the and Neuro endoscopic third ventriculostomy at University of Ghent Hospital
Skills
Micro neurosurgery - Excellent
Neuro endoscopy - Excellent
Cranial base endoscopy - Excellent
Minimal invasive surgery - Excellent
Percutaneous spinal surgery - Excellent
Neuronavigation – Excellent
Certifications
1995-04 Microsurgery
2012-05 Endoscopy
Languages
Turkish - Native
English - Advanced
Arabic - Novice
Affiliations
Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Turkish Medical Association
Accomplishments
• Trained team of staff nurses in medical office procedures to ensure consistent quality of care.
• Published 17 articles in national and international reviews and presented papers in medical congresses.
Interests and operations I perform
Vascular diseases of brain
Endoscopic hypophysis surgery
Tumors of brain, spine and medulla spinalis surgery
Endoscopic brain ventricle surgery
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Traumas of brain and spine
Cervical, thoracic and lumbar disc hernias and narrow
canal disease surgery
Spine instrumentation and fusion surgery
Baclofen pump and neurostimulators insertions
Hydrocephalus surgery
Congenital diseases of the brain and spine (pediatric
neurosurgery)
Peripheral nerve surgery
Mehr lesenTrustworthy, attentive, successful neurosurgeon with over 34 years of experience, high rate of success and exceptional surgical skills, providing quality neurological service for patients, successfully treating over thousands of patients suffering from many severe, complex conditions of the brain, spine and the nerves.
Experienced in performing treatment modalities like micro neurosurgery, endoscopic skull base surgery, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, minimally invasive spine surgery and percutaneous spine surgery. Keen on performing clinical research and attending national and international medical conferences to stay abreast of new technologies in the field. Compassionate and detail-oriented with excellent communication skills. Expertise in healthcare, education and program management. Adept at developing and implementing forward-thinking strategies to enhance patient outcomes and collective knowledge in the field. Desiring to bring skills and success. Focused on working closely with other medical professionals and following up with patients. Well-versed at emergency procedures and fast and accurate sanitation.
Work History
2020-01 – Current - Asst. Prof. Neurosurgeon
Istanbul Medipol University, Health Care Practice and Research Center Pendik Hospital
• He successfully treated and followed patients with cerebral hemorrhage, brain and spinal cord tumors, and patients with hydrocephalus.
• He performed transnasal pituitary surgeries with success.
• Also, many cervical lumbar and thoracic disc patients were successfully treated, and disc prosthesis were applied to some of them.
• He re-operated a degenerative spine patient who had been operated on before at another center and the patient regained his health.
• He also successfully treated patients with premature neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage.
2019-08 – 2020-01 - Neurosurgeon
Freelancer, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases and improve patients' motor functions. Performed successful operations for complex, advanced and complicated disease of the brain and spine some of which were operated unsuccessfully at other medical centers by different neurosurgeons.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Maintained admitting privileges at local hospitals and provided quality follow-up care.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Founded a spinal surgery group with orthopedic surgeons and treated very advanced and severe vertebra deformities, spine abnormalities, scoliosis.
2018-12 - 2019-08 - Neurosurgeon
Alkafeel Super Speciality Hospital, Karbala, Iraq
• Conducted up to 5 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate 100 percent : 90-95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery, spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas, Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery, pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery, spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery, microdiscectomy cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pediatric cranial and spine anomaly surgery). Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times.
• Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries.
• Examined 900 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatments to them when necessary.
2015-10 - 2018-11 - Neurosurgeon
Medistate Kavacık Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
• Operated on patients' brains, spines and peripheral nerves to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat different advanced, complex severe diseases and improve patients' motor functions.
• Conducted up to operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas.
• Performed successful operations (success rate percent : 95) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain , spine and nerves in adults and children.(Brain tumor, arachnoid cyst, intracerebral hematoma, spinal stenosis, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral abscess).
• Examined 850 patients in total in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary.
1994-03 - 2015-09 - Neurosurgeon
Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
• Supervised trainees, medical students, residents and fellows to help each achieve proficiency in field.
• Conducted up to 20 operations per month to correct deformities in neurological and spinal systems, repair traumas, restore partial or full functionality and prevent and treat diseases of different areas. Performed successful operations (success rate: %90) for severe, complex and advanced diseases of the brain, spine and nerves in adults and children. (Skull base surgery, extended trans base approach, orbit zygomatic approach, presigmoid approach, orbital approaches, transcranial and lateral orbitotomy, Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, CSF leakage surgery, endoscopic, microscopic and transsphenoidal, transcranial. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and surgery of multiloculated hydrocephalus and pediatric neurosurgery. Cerebral intrinsic and extrinsic tumor surgery, posterior fossa surgery. Brain aneurysm, AVM and cavernoma surgery.
• Spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hematomas. Hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia surgery (microsurgical decompression) Interhemispheric 3th ventricle and lateral ventricle surgery. Pineal area surgery. Pontocerebellar angle tumor surgery.
• Foreman magnum tumors surgery. Surgery of hydrocephaly, Syringomyelia and craniovertebral animalia).Followed the patients postoperatively.
• Educated patients on recovery methods and times Thoroughly assessed patients to identify medical condition and level of surgical risk.
• Performed emergency surgeries (Epidural, subdural and intracerebral hematoma, vertebra fracture).
• Examined 500-700 patients per day in the outpatient clinic and gave medical treatment to them when necessary. Examined patients in the emergency service.
• Designed treatment plans for patients.
• Offered advanced knowledge, leadership abilities and technical assistance with complex surgical cases.
• Led and oversaw 15 medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
• Led and oversaw medical personnel in operating room setting to perform surgeries.
Education
1982-09 - 1988-08
M.D.: Medicine And (Pre-Medicine)
Ankara University Medical School - Ankara
General Medicine Training for 6 years. Graduated with a high GPA.
1988-11 - 1994-05
Specialist Neurosurgery: Neuroscience
University of Health Sciences - Ankara
6 years of neurosurgery training.
• My thesis was on brain abscess and their clinical and laboratory evaluations
1995-05 - 1995-07
Neuroscience
The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
Ankara
I attended the course for microsurgery at University of Hacettepe Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry.
1998-04 - 2019-05
Observer Doctor: Neuroscience
Department of Neurosurgery, MSU - Ann Arbour,
Michigan USA
2012-05 - 2012-05
Neuro endoscopy: Neuroscience
Ghent University - Ghent, Belgium
International endoscopic neurosurgery workshop,
Ghent, Belgium
I attended the workshop for endoscopic skull base operations the and Neuro endoscopic third ventriculostomy at University of Ghent Hospital
Skills
Micro neurosurgery - Excellent
Neuro endoscopy - Excellent
Cranial base endoscopy - Excellent
Minimal invasive surgery - Excellent
Percutaneous spinal surgery - Excellent
Neuronavigation – Excellent
Certifications
1995-04 Microsurgery
2012-05 Endoscopy
Languages
Turkish - Native
English - Advanced
Arabic - Novice
Affiliations
Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Turkish Medical Association
Accomplishments
• Trained team of staff nurses in medical office procedures to ensure consistent quality of care.
• Published 17 articles in national and international reviews and presented papers in medical congresses.
Interests and operations I perform
Vascular diseases of brain
Endoscopic hypophysis surgery
Tumors of brain, spine and medulla spinalis surgery
Endoscopic brain ventricle surgery
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Traumas of brain and spine
Cervical, thoracic and lumbar disc hernias and narrow
canal disease surgery
Spine instrumentation and fusion surgery
Baclofen pump and neurostimulators insertions
Hydrocephalus surgery
Congenital diseases of the brain and spine (pediatric
neurosurgery)
Peripheral nerve surgery
Der Arzt studierte von 1997 bis 2004 an der Ege University, gefolgt von einer Spezialisierung auf interventionelle Radiologie am Tepecik Training and Research Hospital von 2005 bis 2010. Seitdem hat er in verschiedenen Krankenhäusern als Spezialist für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie gearbeitet und ist Mitglied der Türkischen Gesellschaft für Radiologie, der Türkischen Gesellschaft für Interventionelle Radiologie, der Türkischen Ärztekammer und der Gesellschaft für Kardiovaskuläre und Interventionelle Radiologie.
Mehr lesenDer Arzt studierte von 1997 bis 2004 an der Ege University, gefolgt von einer Spezialisierung auf interventionelle Radiologie am Tepecik Training and Research Hospital von 2005 bis 2010. Seitdem hat er in verschiedenen Krankenhäusern als Spezialist für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie gearbeitet und ist Mitglied der Türkischen Gesellschaft für Radiologie, der Türkischen Gesellschaft für Interventionelle Radiologie, der Türkischen Ärztekammer und der Gesellschaft für Kardiovaskuläre und Interventionelle Radiologie.
| Arztbesuch | preis auf anfrage |
| Gehirntumor-Operation | $15000 - $23000 |
Dr. Andrew Kaye ist ein führender Neurochirurg mit 47 Jahren Erfahrung, spezialisiert auf die chirurgische Behandlung von Hirntumoren, Schädelbasischirurgie, Entfernung von Hypophysentumoren und Operationen an den Blutgefäßen des Gehirns. Er ist ein preisgekrönter Arzt mit Abschluss an der University of Melbourne, hatte verschiedene Führungspositionen inne und ist Mitglied mehrerer neurochirurgischer Gesellschaften.
Mehr lesenDr. Andrew Kaye ist ein führender Neurochirurg mit 47 Jahren Erfahrung, spezialisiert auf die chirurgische Behandlung von Hirntumoren, Schädelbasischirurgie, Entfernung von Hypophysentumoren und Operationen an den Blutgefäßen des Gehirns. Er ist ein preisgekrönter Arzt mit Abschluss an der University of Melbourne, hatte verschiedene Führungspositionen inne und ist Mitglied mehrerer neurochirurgischer Gesellschaften.
Dr. Tan Li Ling ist ein erfahrener interventioneller Kardiologe mit mehr als 15 Jahren Erfahrung und Qualifikationen, darunter MBBS, M.Med, MRCP und Mitgliedschaften in verschiedenen Fachgesellschaften. Er ist versiert in Englisch und Malaiisch und hat verschiedene Artikel und Publikationen verfasst. Er wurde außerdem mit dem Healthcare Manpower Development Plan (HMDP, 2017) und dem NUH Quality Improvement Project – Merit Award and Recognition Award (2016) ausgezeichnet.
Mehr lesenDr. Tan Li Ling ist ein erfahrener interventioneller Kardiologe mit mehr als 15 Jahren Erfahrung und Qualifikationen, darunter MBBS, M.Med, MRCP und Mitgliedschaften in verschiedenen Fachgesellschaften. Er ist versiert in Englisch und Malaiisch und hat verschiedene Artikel und Publikationen verfasst. Er wurde außerdem mit dem Healthcare Manpower Development Plan (HMDP, 2017) und dem NUH Quality Improvement Project – Merit Award and Recognition Award (2016) ausgezeichnet.
Leiter der Klinik für Neuroonkologie in Ichilov
Mehr lesenLeiter der Klinik für Neuroonkologie in Ichilov
Prof. Zvi Ram ist ein Top-Neurochirurg und Vorsitzender der European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS). Er ist spezialisiert auf Erkrankungen des Gehirns und des Rückenmarks wie Aneurysmen, Hirntumore und Parkinson. Er hat zahlreiche Auszeichnungen für seinen innovativen Ansatz bei neurologischen Behandlungen und Forschungen erhalten und ist ein Experte für neurochirurgische Operationen mit Brain Mapping und Tiefenhirnstimulation.
Mehr lesenProf. Zvi Ram ist ein Top-Neurochirurg und Vorsitzender der European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS). Er ist spezialisiert auf Erkrankungen des Gehirns und des Rückenmarks wie Aneurysmen, Hirntumore und Parkinson. Er hat zahlreiche Auszeichnungen für seinen innovativen Ansatz bei neurologischen Behandlungen und Forschungen erhalten und ist ein Experte für neurochirurgische Operationen mit Brain Mapping und Tiefenhirnstimulation.