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for persistent leak or recurrence within 3 months."},"scars":"No external scars; the bronchoscope passes through the mouth or nose.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Some fistulas need repeat sealant or valve placement."},"stages":[{"code":"assessment","label":"Bronchoscopic assessment of the fistula","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same session as closure."}},{"code":"closure","label":"Endoscopic closure with sealant, valve or occluder","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same session."}},{"code":"repeat_closure","label":"Repeat closure if leak persists","after":{"min":7,"max":30,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only if needed."}}],"qualifier":"Usually one procedure; repeats are common in persistent leaks."},"success":{"metric":"Fistula closure with no air leak","value":65,"unit":"percent","horizon":"1-3 months after procedure, including repeat sessions","population":"Adults with small to medium postoperative bronchopleural fistula","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Endobronchial valve placement","suits_whom":"Peripheral or small fistulas with persistent air leak.","recovery":"Short stay; valve later removed or left in place."},{"name":"Tissue sealant or glue application","suits_whom":"Small fistulas up to about 3-5 mm.","recovery":"Short stay; repeat applications possible."},{"name":"Septal or vascular occluder device","suits_whom":"Medium fistulas not suitable for sealants.","recovery":"Short stay with imaging follow-up."},{"name":"Airway stent","suits_whom":"Larger central or anastomotic dehiscence.","recovery":"Longer monitoring; stent removal later."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":0.5,"max":1.5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Bronchoscopy procedure time; longer with multiple devices."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Chest CT scan report and images","Previous bronchoscopy report","Thoracic surgery operative report","Recent chest X-ray","List of blood thinners","Discharge summary with drain details"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Usually one trip with 5-10 day stay; second trip only for repeat closure or follow-up bronchoscopy at clinic."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the clinic explains possible complications and side effects before booking","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Make sure you understand the possible complications and side effects that could arise from your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Confirm how aftercare will be coordinated after treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Confirm how medical notes will be transferred to the treating team","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"As the doctor could be involved in your aftercare, discuss with them how to transfer medical notes to the overseas team.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-02-10"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"It gives details of follow-up arrangements for continuing care","document":"follow-up letter","source":{"url":"https://www.fhft.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-library/bronchoscopy-fph","host":"fhft.nhs.uk","quote":"The doctor may wish to see you before you go home, and you will be given a letter giving you details of follow-up arrangements.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"T2","text":"It explains what to expect after bronchoscopy and whom to contact if problems occur","document":"discharge advice","source":{"url":"https://www.cht.nhs.uk/services/clinical-services/endoscopy/bronchoscopy/after-the-procedure","host":"cht.nhs.uk","quote":"This will include advice about what to expect following your procedure and contact numbers if you have any problems.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your fistula may need surgery","name":"Fistula surgery","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"In some cases, you may need antibiotics and/or surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"endobronchial-valve-placement","name":"Endobronchial valve placement","how_it_works":{"text":"The valve blocks airflow through the leaking lung segment","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11669537/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"(1) employing bronchoscopy and balloon occlusion to identify the leaking lobe or segment of the lung; (2) once the EBV is positioned, directing the patient to conduct breathing cycles to check for continuous air leakage in the water-seal bottle.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"tissue-sealant-or-glue-application","name":"Tissue sealant or glue application","how_it_works":{"text":"Sealant is delivered to the fistula site to block the leak","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Endoscopic treatment of BPF is based on the delivery of biological glue, coils, covered stents, and sealants to the BPF site.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":429}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"septal-or-vascular-occluder-device","name":"Septal or vascular occluder device","how_it_works":{"text":"An expanding occluder seals the fistula opening","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"The self-expanding nitinol made AVP occluder to be delivered under direct bronchoscopic guidance over a loader wire into the fistula followed by bronchography to assure correct device positioning and sealing of the BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":429}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"airway-stent","name":"Airway stent","how_it_works":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=zakrytie-bronhialnoy-fistuly-cherez-bronhoskopiyu/"}],"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"rendersOffersList":false,"fewClinics":true,"topCountriesCount":0}