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For cancer, outcome depends on recurrence risk and surveillance; benign lesions rarely recur.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":8,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned reoperation or reintervention within 90 days, such as for bleeding or bile leak."},"scars":"Open surgery leaves a larger subcostal, J-shaped or midline abdominal scar; laparoscopic or robotic approach leaves several small port scars with possibly one slightly larger extraction incision.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation in typical uncomplicated cases."},"stages":[{"code":"resection","label":"Liver resection in one operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Staged hepatectomy or portal vein embolization are exceptions for selected extensive disease and are not the typical protocol."},"success":{"metric":"Complete resection with negative margins (R0)","value":85,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"At surgical pathology review","population":"Adults with resectable liver tumors in experienced centers","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Open liver resection (wedge, segmentectomy, anatomical hepatectomy)","suits_whom":"Larger or complex tumors, major resections, or tumors near major vessels.","recovery":"Hospital stay about 5-10 nights; return to work around 6-8 weeks or more."},{"name":"Laparoscopic or robotic liver resection","suits_whom":"Selected smaller, peripherally located lesions, often in left lateral or anterior segments, in experienced centers.","recovery":"Often shorter stay of about 4-6 nights and faster return to activity."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for a single typical resection; minor wedge resections are shorter and major hepatectomies may be longer."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Contrast CT or MRI of the liver","Biopsy or pathology report (if available)","Tumor marker results","Liver function and coagulation blood tests","Previous abdominal surgery operative reports","Oncology or hepatology summary with prior treatments"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; stay about 10-14 days including 4-10 hospital nights and discharge clearance before flying home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the facility’s recognized international accreditation, because this relates to high care standards and patient safety","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Patients should only be referred for medical care to institutions that have been accredited by recognized international accrediting bodies (e.g., the Joint Commission International or the International Society for Quality in Health Care).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check the surgeon’s training, qualifications, and reputation","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/en/international-travel/planning/guidance/medicine-health.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Check the doctor’s training, qualifications, and reputation.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check whether follow-up care is scheduled at the same facility as the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An offer directs care to an institution without recognized international 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decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Yellow skin or eyes","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients/resources/liver-resection-enhanced-recovery-after-surgery-eras/","host":"leedsth.nhs.uk","quote":"Whilst your liver is recovering from surgery, you may develop a yellow tone to your skin and eyes.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Confusion, disorientation, or hallucinations","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients/resources/liver-resection-enhanced-recovery-after-surgery-eras/","host":"leedsth.nhs.uk","quote":"You may become confused, disorientated or have hallucinations.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Bleeding that continues after surgery","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients/resources/liver-resection-enhanced-recovery-after-surgery-eras/","host":"leedsth.nhs.uk","quote":"If the bleeding continues after your operation, it may be necessary for you to return to theatre.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home clinicians need documentation of medications received abroad","document":"medication 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ablation.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You decide not to have the operation","name":"Chemoembolization","source":{"url":"https://www.plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk/display-pil/pil-liver-surgery-for-primary-liver-cancer-hepatocellular-carcinoma-5324","host":"plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"If you decide not to have the operation, it maybe possible to shrink the tumour by use of Chemoembolisation or Microwave ablation.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"open-liver-resection","name":"Open liver resection (wedge, segmentectomy, anatomical hepatectomy)","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon opens the abdomen through one long 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